![]() These findings will greatly accelerate and expedite the formulation of effective and cost-efficient vaccines and diagnostic tests against MAP infection. We also report 10 proteins having epitopes for both B and T cells representing potential candidates which may invoke both humoral and cellular immune responses in the host. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the pathogen of Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis), which mainly causes chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis in ruminants and has brought huge economic losses to animal husbandry. To further investigate the humoral response inducing properties of OMPs of MAP, we report potential B cell epitopes based on the sequences of peptide antigens and their molecular structures. This gene encodes two isoforms of a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is involved in monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as in the inflammatory response against tumors. ![]() The presence of MHC binding epitopes indicates the potential cell-mediated immune response inducing capacity of these MAP OMPs in infected host. Thirty-five MAP OMPs are reported with nine-mer peptides showing high binding affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and 28 MAP OMPs with 15-mer peptides of high binding affinity for MHC class II molecules. We have previously identified 57 MAP proteins as OMPs and have evaluated them for the epitope selection and analysis employing a computational approach. To address this challenge, we performed identification of the immunogenic epitopes in the MAP outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Finally, PIM displayed in vivo effects in macrophages by increasing accumulation of plasma membrane-endosomal syntaxin 4 and transferrin receptor on PIM-coated. For this, it is of paramount importance to identify the MAP antigens, which may be immunologically recognized by the host immune system. ![]() Currently, there are no effective vaccines and sensitive diagnostic tests available for its control and detection. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease (JD), which is a progressive, chronic, and highly prevalent disease affecting ruminants worldwide. ![]() But some pre-existing conditions can make some people more susceptible to developing a slow-growing infection once MAC enters their airway. Most people who breathe in or swallow these germs don’t get sick. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an etiological agent of chronic inflammation of the intestine among ruminants and humans. A group of bacteria called Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes MAC lung disease. ![]()
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